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Copus massacre
The Copus massacre is a name given to a skirmish occurring on September 15, 1812, between American settlers and Native Americans on the Ohio frontier during the War of 1812. Reverend James Copus and 3 other settlers died while defending the Copus' settlement near present-day Charles Mill Lake, Ohio.
Traditional legend has it that Johnny Appleseed "raced throughout the region warning others of impending attack" after this incident. Consequently, his name is included on the Copus memorial–a monument dedicated in 1882 to Copus and others fallen in similar attacks–the "earliest known monument erected to his memory and legend".
==Background==
Reverend James Copus was a trusted friend of the Greentown Natives. Originally from Pennsylvania, he moved his family into the valley of the Black Fork in 1809. They were the first white settlers in Mifflin Township. He was called upon by Colonel Samuel Kratzer and Captain Douglas to persuade the Natives to peacefully leave and temporarily relocate for fear that the British Army would recruit them as British allies. At first Rev. Copus refused to interfere against them and that he would personally stand accountable for their conduct. Col. Kratzer and Capt. Douglas, told Copus that they were under orders and that if the Natives didn't comply, there would be "blood-shed." Reverend Copus was then compelled to accompany soldiers to the Native village and speak with them, but not before being assured that the Native's lives and property would be protected if they agreed to surrender. James and his three sons; Henry, James and Wesley reluctantly met with the council of Elders and after much persuasion and reassurance, the Greentown Natives agreed to leave their village.
It is said that after the soldiers led the Greentown Natives on their march, several soldiers straggled behind and ransacked the village and burned it to the ground. After seeing the smoke from their homes, billowing up from where they had left, many Natives broke free and returned for revenge against the settlers. Following the deaths of some of his neighbors by the hands of the Natives, Reverend Copus asked for protection and was moved with his family to a blockhouse. After several days he was told by the Army that there was no longer any danger, so on 14 September 1812, nine militia 〔(Absalom Martin's Company of Guernsey Co Ohio )〕 soldiers were detailed to accompany him to his home. Upon his return, nothing there had been disturbed and he felt somewhat at ease. Later that afternoon, one of Copus' daughters noticed a Native American at the edge of the woods but did not report the incident.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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